This intuitively known relationship between mental health and hearing loss has acquired a good amount of solid evidence behind it – strengthening the case for considering mental health as a part of hearing care. The next step is then ensuring a good understanding of the current evidence and how this research can be put into practice in a clinical setting.

What does the research say?

Not only has hearing loss been linked to an increased risk of mental health conditions like depression and anxiety, but this risk grows with the severity of the hearing loss. Moderate or severe hearing loss has been shown to decrease mental health-related quality of life by nearly twice as much compared to mild hearing loss¹.

The most frequently documented direct psychological impact of hearing impairment is depression, with studies consistently showing higher rates of the condition among those with hearing loss². In 2024, Association of hearing loss and risk of depression, a systematic review by Wei et al, went as far as stating that hearing loss should be considered an independent risk factor for depression².

Similarly, anxiety disorders are also more prevalent among those with hearing loss, with studies showing that there is a 59% higher likelihood of anxiety in individuals with hearing loss³. While the causation is not yet fully established, potential mechanisms are cited as uncertainty in communication situations, worries about future social interactions, and potential structural changes in the brain.

The social consequences of mental health

Social isolation is a particularly well-established risk factor for both depression and anxiety. Difficulties maintaining relationships and participating in social activities contribute to psychological decline and create a cycle of withdrawal that worsens the primary challenge of hearing loss⁴. Furthermore, finding it more difficult to contribute to and hear conversations can increase feelings of loneliness and eventually lead to depression⁵.

However, it must be noted that the mental health implications of hearing loss do appear to be bidirectional. While having hearing loss can put you at risk for mental health challenges, having mental health challenges can also impact hearing loss, in terms of a person's ability to seek help and adhere to treating their hearing loss. Pursuing hearing healthcare while having depression may be less likely, which creates a cycle where both conditions are left untreated and mutually reinforcing.

The research in support of this directional relationship between mental health and hearing loss also underscores the importance of taking a holistic approach to hearing care, one that extends beyond the ears to support overall wellbeing.

From intervention to prevention

This evidence then begs the question: what role does hearing intervention play in supporting the mental health of those experiencing hearing loss?

In short, the evidence supports the use of hearing aids as a potentially preventive measure to protect mental health. Hearing aids can directly address the communication challenges that lead to social isolation by improving access to sound, enabling people to maintain their social connections and to participate in social activities. This makes them a key influence in mental health outcomes.

Studies have shown that hearing intervention can lead to lower rates of depression, anxiety and psychological distress compared to untreated hearing loss⁶^,⁷. This suggests that addressing hearing loss earlier can lead to better mental health outcomes than waiting until hearing deteriorates further.

Treating hearing loss may be a way to protect people against the social isolation and loneliness that is commonplace in hearing loss, and can develop into a diagnosed mental health condition. One example of hearing intervention, hearing aids, has been shown to play an important role in protecting mental health, in helping to reduce the risk of mood disorders and unmet mental health needs.

However, it must be noted that our current understanding of hearing intervention and mental health is limited. Despite the strong case in favour of hearing aids, their adoption and mental health outcomes can both be influenced by factors such as socioeconomic status, health literacy and access to healthcare. Therefore, while the evidence to support the correlation between hearing intervention and improved mental health outcomes is strong, we are not yet able to establish definitive causation.

Where do we go from here?

This research underscores the importance of comprehensive, integrated hearing healthcare across age groups, but especially for older adults. Based on what we know so far about this complex relationship, there are a number of principles that can guide HCPs in integrating mental health care into their clinical practice. These include:

Consider patients' needs from a mental health perspective
Hearing care professionals can make a significant impact by recognizing that hearing loss affects everyone differently. By listening to and addressing each individual's needs, you can assess whether they need additional support or a referral.
Connect and collaborate with other healthcare professionals
Through interdisciplinary collaboration, HCPs can have a greater influence through initiatives such as regular screenings, especially in those showing signs of social withdrawal or mood changes, and hearing assessments into mental health protocols when relevant.
Educate family members and caregivers
Family members can support those with hearing loss in multiple ways: advocating for the use of hearing aids, knowing how to troubleshoot device issues and recognising if the devices are functioning, to name a few. With some tools and training, family members and caregivers can significantly improve both hearing loss and mental health outcomes for those with hearing loss.

What does the future of audiology look like?

It's changing rapidly. Each day the connections between hearing loss and cognitive and mental health become clearer, encouraging us in the field to put more focus on holistic approaches to hearing care.

To keep your finger on the pulse of this fast-moving period in audiology history, visit the Article overview to explore our collection of articles and studies.